Production and Reproduction Performance of Backyard Poultry In Central Zone of Tigray, Ethiopia

The study was conducted in lowland and midland agro-ecological zones of central Tigray, in northern Ethiopia with the objective of characterization of village poultry marketing system under rural household management. A total of 160 households and 50% of them were female headed households. Data were collected using semi structured questionnaire and monitoring individual households. Chi- square test was employed for ordinal and nominal data. ANOVA was also employed for continuous data. Average age at first mating of cockerels was 26 and average age at first egg of local pullets was 27.2 weeks. Average egg production per year was 43.4 eggs for local hens, 81.4 eggs for cross breed hens and 144.3 eggs for exotic hens. Average number of eggs set for incubation per broody hen was 10.2±0.23 eggs with hatchability of 82.5% and 88.85% in lowland and midland agro-ecologies, respectively. The average survival rate of chicks was 61.95% in lowland and 69.4% in midland agro-ecology. Average weight of cocks, hens, cockerels and pullets was 1.69 kg, 1.37 kg, 1.024 kg and 1.02 kg, respectively in lowland and 1.81 kg, 1.356 kg, 1.119 kg and 1.064 kg, respectively in midland.  Generally egg production hatchability and survival of chickens varied with agro-ecology. Keywords: Mortality; Hatchability; Predators; Diseas

Socio-demographic correlates of mental and behavioural disorders of children in Southern Ethiopia

Objective: To describe the magnitude and socio-demographic correlates of specific mental and behavioural disorders.Design: A cross-sectional survey.Setting: Butajira district, southern Ethiopia.Participants: The Amharic version of the Diagnostic Instrument for Children and Adolescents (DICA) was used to interview parents of 1,477 children.Main outcome measures: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Disruptive behaviour disorders, mood and anxiety disorders.Results: Using a multivariate logistic model, age was significantly associated with ADHD. Children between 10 and 14 years of age had more than three-fold increased risk of ADHD compared to younger children: adjusted odds ratio and 95% confidence interval (OR, 95%CI) = 3.17 (1.16, 8.67), p=0.02. Residence in urban area was also significantly associated with ADHD: adjusted OR (95% CI) = 2.84 (1.14-7.07), p=0.03. Disruptive behaviour disorders were significantly associated with increasing age: adjusted OR (95% CI)= 4.24 (1.43, 12.6). Mood and anxiety disorders were not significantly associated with any of the sociodemographic variable studied.Conclusion: The study shows that age and residence in urban areas are significant correlates of behavioural disorders in children

Borderline Personality Disorder: An Overview of History, Diagnosis and Treatment in Adolescents

Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a cluster B personality disorder. It is characterized by erratic behaviors, emotional instability and one of its hallmarks is self injurious behavior, which starts in adolescence. Patients with BPD are difficult to treat, most have a history of child sexual abuse, about a quarter present with sexual abuse from a caretaker. Although personality disorders are diagnosed only in adults, BPD manifests itself in adolescence in the form of uncontrollable anger, self mutilations, dissociation and other such behaviors. Hence, there is a growing number of scientists discussing the possibility of diagnosing BPD in adolescents. Here, we give an overview of the history and development of BPD in general; and in the adolescent population in particular. We also touch upon pharmacological and clinical interventions available for patients being diagnosed and/or possessing traits of BPD

Korelasi Luas Area Wharton\u27s Jelly Dengan Luaran Berat Lahir Bayi Pada Kehamilan Cukup Bulan

Latar Belakang Berat lahir bayi merupakan salah satu indikator penting yang berkaitan dengan angka mortalitas dan morbiditas bayi. Berat lahir bayi sangat bergantung dengan asupan nutrisi dari tali pusat pada masa kehamilan. Wharton\u27s jelly adalah komponen penyusun terbesar dari tali pusat.Tujuan Mengetahui korelasi luas area Wharton\u27s jelly dengan luaran berat lahir bayi pada kehamilan cukup bulan.Metode Penelitian ini merupakan sebuah studi observasional analitik dengan rancangan belah lintang. Sampel penelitian adalah tali pusat dari bayi dengan kehamilan tunggal dan memiliki usia kehamilan cukup bulan. Data diambil dengan cara purposive sampling kemudian pembacaan dan pengukuran luas area Wharton\u27s jelly dilakukan secara mikroskopis. Uji statistik menggunakan uji Pearson.Hasil Dari 35 data dan sampel talipusat yang terkumpul, 29 data dan sampel memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Rerata luas area Wharton\u27s jelly pada kehamilan cukup bulan dengan berat lahir normal adalah 56,077 ± 19,537 mm2. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa terdapat korelasi yang signifikan secara statistik antara luas area Wharton\u27s jelly dengan luaran berat lahir bayi pada kehamilan cukup bulan (p=0,041).Kesimpulan Terdapat korelasi antara luas area Wharton\u27s jelly dengan luaran berat lahir bayi pada kehamilan cukup bulan

Immunological and hematological reference values for apparently healthy HIV-negative adults in Bahir Dar Town, Ethiopia

Background: Immunological and hematological reference values differ among different human beings with respect to sex, ethnicity, nutrition, altitude and health conditions. These could not be exceptional in the Ethiopian heterogeneous population. However, there are no nationally established reference values.Objective: The aim of the study was to determine reference values of immunological and hematological parameters for apparently healthy HIV-negative adults in Bahir Dar Town.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from May to June, 2010 in Bahir Dar Town. Adults of both sexes above 18 years of age were recruited from the voluntary HIV counselling and testing centre in Felege Hiwot referral hospital. CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were enumerated using FACS count (Becton Dickinson) and hematological analyses were performed using Cell-DYN 1800 (Abbott Lab. USA).Results: A total of 405 adults consisting of 238 (58.7%) males and 167 (41.3%) females with the median age of 24(range 18 to 60) years were recruited. The median, mean (± SD) and 95% percentile ranges of immunological and hematological values were determined. The mean (±SD) values were: CD4+ T cells, 799 ± 218 (females) and 676 ± 235.6 (males); CD8+ T cells, 582 ±247 (females) and 659.5 ± 343 (males); CD4/CD8, 1.53±0.59 (females) and 1.19 ± 0.49 ( males); erythrocyte counts (1012/liter), 4.9±0.4 (female) and (5.4±0.5 male); hemoglobin (g/dl), 14.7±2 (females) and 16.5±1.8 (males); haematocrit (%), 44±4 (females) and 49±4.5 (males); platelets (109/litre), 277 ± 20 (both sex); absolute leukocyte (WBC) counts 6.6±3.6 x109/liter (both sexes); lymphocyte, 2.15±.59 x109/liter (both sexes); granulocytes (neutrophils), 3.7±1.6 x109/liter (both sexes).Conclusions: Absolute CD4+ T cell counts were lower than the reference value, which Ethiopia has adopted for HIV/AIDS therapy. Females had higher CD4+ T cell counts than males. Thus, considering these differences may be important in the process of using the national ART laboratory guideline for HIV/AIDS therapy. Establishing local reference values could have paramount importance for quality of health care in the clinical management of patients

A descriptive analysis of admissions to Amanuel Psychiatric Hospital in Ethiopia

Background: The care of patients with severe mental disorder in Ethiopia remains centralized in the capital city. Objective: To assess pattern of psychiatric admission and its implication for service provision. Methods: A descriptive analysis of one-year admission data was undertaken from the only psychiatric hospital in Ethiopia. Results: The annual age-sex standardized admission rate was 4 per 100 000 (n=1564). Two-thirds of the patients came from Addis Ababa and the immediate surrounding areas. Nearly three-quarters were men, and aged 30 years or younger. Schizophrenia and bipolar disorder were the top two discharge diagnoses. The median length of hospital stay (LOS) was 63 days. Diagnosis of schizophrenia and place of residence, i.e. living outside of Addis Ababa independently predicted LOS above the median. Conclusion: Admission data demonstrated a huge mental health unmet need in Ethiopia. Providing adequate resources for modernization and well-supervised decentralization may be vital steps in the quest for accessible and equitable psychiatric care.The Ethiopian Journal of Health Development Vol. 21 (2) 2007: pp. 173-17

Tanggapan Mahasiswa Ilmu Komunikasi Universitas Hasanuddin Terhadap Tayangan “Ini Talkshow” Di Net (News and Entertainment)

The aims of this study are to determine the responses of students of Hasanuddin University Communication Sciences toward the broadcast “IniTalkshow” in NET; and to know the factors that influence the responses of the students of Hasanuddin University Communication Sciences toward the broadcast “IniTalkshow” in NET.The research was conducted in Makassarfor approximately two months, namely from March to April 2016. The research populationswere taken from the students of Hasanuddin UniversityCommunication Sciences. The respondents were determined by proportionate stratified random sampling based on certain criteria. The technique of determining samples using Isaac and Michaeltables. The type of this researchuses quantitative methods with descriptive approach.The primary data was collected by using a questionnaire. The method of collecting data using a structured questionnaire and submitted to the respondent. The secondary data was done by observation, library research both taken from books and internet sites which are relevant to the focus of the problem. The data collected was then analyzed quantitatively by describing the data in the form of a frequency table. The research results showed that the response of students of HasanuddinUniversity Communication Sciences toward the broadcast “IniTalkshow” in NET were good. It was proved based on the number of responses obtained as many as 161 respondents. It was also founded that the purpose of the students of Hasanuddin University Communication Sciences to watch “IniTalkshow” was getting entertainment and leisure. Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tanggapan mahasiswa Ilmu Komunikasi Universitas Hasanuddin terhadap tayangan Ini Talkshow di NET. untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi tanggapan mahasiswa Ilmu Komunikasi Universitas Hasanuddin terhadap tayangan Ini Talkshow di NET. Penelitian ini dilakukan selama kurang lebih dua bulan, yaitu Maret-April 2016 yang dilaksanakan di Kota Makassar. Adapun populasi penelitian ini adalah Mahasiswa Ilmu Komunikasi Universitas Hasanuddin. Responden penelitian ini ditentukan secara proportionate stratified random sampling berdasarkan kriteria-kriteria tertentu. Adapun teknik penentuan jumlah sampel menggunakan tabel Isaac dan Michael. Tipe penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif Data primer dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan kusioner, cara pengumpulan data dengan menggunakan daftar pertanyaan yang berstruktur dan diajukan kepada responden. Data sekunder dilakukan dengan observasi, studi pustaka baik itu dari buku-buku, dan situs internet yang relevan dengan fokus permasalahan. Data yang berhasil dikumpulkan selanjutnya dianalisis secara kuantitaf dengan mendeskripsikan data dalam bentuk tabel frekuensi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tanggapan mahasiswa Ilmu Komunikasi Universitas Hasanuddin terhadap tayangan Ini Talkshow di NET dinilai bagus. Ini didasarkan dari jumlah tangapan yang diperoleh sebanyak 161 responden. Diketahui pula bahwa tujuan mahasiswa Ilmu Komunikasi Universitas Hasanuddin dari menonton Ini Talkshow adalah untuk mencari hiburan dan mengisi waktu luang

Insects infesting sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) panicles in northern Ghana. 1. Distribution, species composition, and damage potential

Surveys in the Upper East Region showed that sorghum panicles were attacked by an insect pest complex of which midge, mirid and pentatomid bugs and head caterpillars were most prominent. Midge was most important on late-planted sorghums while mirid bugs constituted the main pests of early sorghums. The mirid bug complex (Heteroptera: Miridae) was dominated by Eurystylus oldi (Poppius), but Creontiades pallidus (Rambur), Campylomma angustior (Poppius), Taylorilygus sp. and Megacoelum apicale (Reuter) also proliferated on most farms. Important predators associated with head bugs included earwigs, Forficula senegalensis Serville (Demaptera: Forficulidae) and assassin bugs, especially Cosmolestes pictus Klug (Heteroptera: Reduviidae). Yield loss estimates showed that controlling either head bugs or midge alone increased grain yields by 23-35 and 26-38 per cent, respectively, while controlling both pests increased yield by up to 63 per cent. Farmers recognized panicle feeders as pests on their crops, but usually did not think they caused economic damage; hence, farmers made no conscious efforts to control them. This is probably because most of them grow local guinense-type sorghums, which are known to be less susceptible to panicle pests compared to the improved caudatum types. Des sondages entrepris partout dans la Région d\'Upper East révélaient que les panicules de sorgho sont ravagées par l\'ensemble d\'insecte ravageur dont le moucheron, le mirid, le pentatome ( punaise de bois ) et les chenilles sont plus marquants. Le moucheron était plus important sur les sorghos semés tardivement alors que les punaises mirids constituaient les ravageuses principales de sorghos tôt. L\'ensemble de punaise mirid (Hétéroptère : Mirid) était dominé par Eurystylus oldi (Poppius), mais Creontiades pallidus (Rambur), Campylomma angustior (Poppius), Taylorilygus sp. et Megacoelum apicale (Reuter) aussi proliféraient sur la plupart de champs. Les prédateurs importants associés avec les punaises comprenaient les perce-oreilles, Forficula senegalensis Serville (Demaptera : Forficulidae) et les triatomes surtout Cosmolestes pictus Klug (Hétéroptère: Reduviidae). Les estimations de perte de rendement montraient que la lutte contre soit la punaise soit le moucheron seulement augmentait les rendements de grain par 23-35 et 26-38%, respectivement, alors que la lutte contre les deux ravageurs augmentait le rendement par jusqu\'à 63% . Les agriculteurs reconnaissaient les mangeurs de panicule comme de ravageurs sur leurs cultures mais dans la plupart des cas ne pensaient pas qu\'ils provoquaient des dommages à l\'économie et ne faisaient donc pas aucun effort consciencieux pour lutter contre eux . C\'est probablement à cause du type guinense local, qui sont reconnu d\'être moins prédisposé aux ravageurs de panicule que les types de caudatum amélioré. Ghana Journal of Agricultural Science Vol. 40 (1) 2007: pp. 43-5